Ionic compounds that are insoluble in water, consequently, not very basic.
Formula Name
Cu(OH)2 copper (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 iron (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron (III) hydroxide
Zn(OH)2 zinc (II) hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide
Formula Name
LiOH lithium hydroxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
RbOH rubidium hydroxide
CsOH cesium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
Sr(OH)2 strontium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
Notice that they are all hydroxides of IA and IIA metals
Formula Name
HF hydrofluoric acid
CH3COOH acetic acid (vinegar)
HCN hydrocyanic acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid (soda water)
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
(COOH)2 oxalic acid
Acid Anion Name
HF F- fluoride ion
CH3COOH CH3COO- acetate ion
HCN CN- cyanide ion
HNO2 NO2- nitrite ion
H2CO3 CO32- carbonate ion
H2SO3 SO32- sulfite ion
H3PO4 PO43- phosphate ion
(COOH)2 (COO)22- oxalate ion
Formula Name
HCl hydrochloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
HI hydroiodic acid
HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
Acid Anion Name
HCl Cl- chloride ion
HBr Br- bromide ion
HI I- iodide ion
HNO3 NO3- nitrate ion
H2SO4 SO42- sulfate ion
HClO3 ClO3- chlorate ion
HClO4 ClO4- perchlorate ion
Outer shells contain four or more electrons
Form anions by gaining electrons
Form ionic compounds with metals and covalent compounds with other nonmetals
Form covalently bonded molecules; noble gases are monatomic
CO2 H2O
CH4 HF
Na + Br-
NH4 + SO4 2- SO3 2-
MnO4 - BrO3 -
Electron Transfer Reactions:
Oxidation-reduction (also called redox) reactions have been shown earlier.
Combination:
C + O2 => CO2
Single replacement:
C + Fe2O3 => Fe + CO2
Decomposition
NaNO3 => NaNO2 + O2
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